Part of the Sociology Commons

Authors in Sociology

Authors in Sociology
Last Name Author Articles Works Related Disciplines
Otterbein Office of Social Justice & Activism Otterbein Office of Social Justice & Activism Otterbein Office of Social Justice & Activism (11) 11

 

 Civic and Community Engagement, Gender and Sexuality, Peace and Conflict Studies, Race and Ethnicity, Social Policy, Social Welfare
Otterbein University Otterbein University Otterbein University (5) 5

 

 African American Studies, American Politics, Civic and Community Engagement, Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence, Gender and Sexuality, History of Religion, Inequality and Stratification, Political History, Politics and Social Change, Race and Ethnicity, United States History
Krendl Kathy Krendl Kathy Krendl (5) 5

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Eaton Julie Eaton Julie Eaton (4) 4

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Roberts Jennifer Roberts Jennifer Roberts (4) 4

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Robertson Amber Robertson Amber Robertson (3) 3

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Jackson Glenna S. Jackson Glenna S. Jackson (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
McGowan Mac McGowan Mac McGowan (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Jamison Wes Jamison Wes Jamison (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Deel Colleen Deel Colleen Deel (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Naso Laura Naso Laura Naso (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Hallett Miranda Cady Hallett Miranda Cady Hallett (2) 2

 

 Anthropology
Kaitsa Celeste Kaitsa Celeste Kaitsa (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Kennedy Alison Kennedy Alison Kennedy (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Fee Bonita Fee Bonita Fee (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Jacobson Sarah Jacobson Sarah Jacobson (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Stridsberg Christeen Stridsberg Christeen Stridsberg (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Crawford Meghan Crawford Meghan Crawford (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Knox Jen Knox Jen Knox (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Garrett Ruth Garrett Ruth Garrett (2) 2

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Atkinson Ciara A. Atkinson Ciara A. Atkinson (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Social Psychology
Strawser Amy Kepple Strawser Amy Kepple Strawser (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Calvaruso Niki Calvaruso Niki Calvaruso (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Willis Leslie Willis Leslie Willis (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Stewart Gayle Fisher Stewart Rev. Gayle Fisher Stewart Rev. (1) 1

 

 African American Studies, American Politics, Civic and Community Engagement, History of Religion, Political History, Politics and Social Change, United States History
Gladman Afton Gladman Afton Gladman (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Johnson Debbie Johnson Debbie Johnson (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Bella Elfi Di Bella Elfi Di Bella (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Rish Jennifer Rish Jennifer Rish (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Sbib Cyrena Sbib Cyrena Sbib (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Fosselman Diane Fosselman Diane Fosselman (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Fisher Brittany Fisher Brittany Fisher (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Hopkins Randi Hopkins Randi Hopkins (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Brauner Cassidy Brauner Cassidy Brauner (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Russell Jennifer Russell Jennifer Russell (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Griffith Adena Griffith Adena Griffith (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Horvath Christine Horvath Christine Horvath (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Knox Jennifer Knox Jennifer Knox (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Martindell Sarah Martindell Sarah Martindell (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Hempy Devyn Hempy Devyn Hempy (1) 1

 

 Community-Based Research, Service Learning, Social Welfare
English Madeline English Madeline English (1) 1

 

 Community-Based Research, Family, Life Course, and Society, Gender and Sexuality, Politics and Social Change, Race and Ethnicity, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Sociology of Culture
Musselman Chelsa Musselman Chelsa Musselman (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Kishman Kathleen Kishman Kathleen Kishman (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Prose Whitney Prose Whitney Prose (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Tappel Colleen Tappel Colleen Tappel (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Coffman Kendall Coffman Kendall Coffman (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies, Medicine and Health, Other Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Women's Studies
Haker Curtis Haker Curtis Haker (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Fernando Sarah Fernando Sarah Fernando (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Biggs Hannah Biggs Hannah Biggs (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Campbell Jess Campbell Jess Campbell (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Musselman Chelsea Musselman Chelsea Musselman (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Gaurd Abby Gaurd Abby Gaurd (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Worley Caroline Z. Worley Caroline Z. Worley (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Campbell Jessica Campbell Jessica Campbell (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Bohrer Elizabeth S. Bohrer Elizabeth S. Bohrer (1) 1

 

 Psychology
Peninger Kirsten Peninger Kirsten Peninger (1) 1

 

 Race and Ethnicity
Ribar Alicia Ribar Alicia Ribar (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Clippinger Caroline Clippinger Caroline Clippinger (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Blackburn-Smith Jefferson Blackburn-Smith Jefferson Blackburn-Smith (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Higher Education, Humane Education, Inequality and Stratification, Race and Ethnicity
Osman Ladan Osman Ladan Osman (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Martinez-Saenz Miguel Martinez-Saenz Miguel Martinez-Saenz (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Kellogg John Kellogg John Kellogg (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Fernando Sneha Fernando Sneha Fernando (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Peterman Logan Peterman Logan Peterman (1) 1

 

 Community-Based Research, Service Learning, Social Welfare
Ashworth Suzanne Ashworth Suzanne Ashworth (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Vogt Marjorie Vogt Marjorie Vogt (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Kostiuk Nicole Kostiuk Nicole Kostiuk (1) 1

 

 Community-Based Research, Service Learning, Social Welfare
Robinson Marsha Robinson Marsha Robinson (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
McPherson Brianna McPherson Brianna McPherson (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Ritchie Morgan Ritchie Morgan Ritchie (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Boone Kathlene e.e. Boone Kathlene e.e. Boone (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Poppe Barb Poppe Barb Poppe (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Drakes Carina Drakes Carina Drakes (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Rocks Joan Rocks Dr. Joan Rocks Dr. (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences, Sports Studies
Hayes Allison Hayes Allison Hayes (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
DeWitt Barbara DeWitt Barbara DeWitt (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Kirk Chris Kirk Chris Kirk (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Buckler Casey Buckler Casey Buckler (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Valenzuela Virginia Valenzuela Virginia Valenzuela (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Literature in English, North America, Poetry, Women's Studies
Payne Shelley Payne Dr. Shelley Payne Dr. (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences, Sports Studies
Fingerman Mollie Fingerman Mollie Fingerman (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Ward Rachel Ward Rachel Ward (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Babich-Speck Kimberly A. Babich-Speck Kimberly A. Babich-Speck (1) 1

 

 Family Practice Nursing, Folklore, Medicine and Health, Medicine and Health Sciences, Other Nursing, Other Religion, Public Health and Community Nursing, Race and Ethnicity, Slavic Languages and Societies, Social and Cultural Anthropology
Thorpe Holly Thorpe Holly Thorpe (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Sports Sciences, Sports Studies
Cialella Kaylee Cialella Kaylee Cialella (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences, Sports Studies
Brazwell Kimberly Brazwell Kimberly Brazwell (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Harper William V. Harper William V. Harper (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences, Sports Studies
Wiechel Jane Wiechel Jane Wiechel (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Givens Kelly Givens Kelly Givens (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Hunter Jennifer Hunter Jennifer Hunter (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Birk Tammy Birk Tammy Birk (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Fedeczko Kristina Fedeczko Kristina Fedeczko (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Brown Derrica Brown Derrica Brown (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Woodruff Becky Woodruff Becky Woodruff (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Rodriguez Aslyne Rodriguez Aslyne Rodriguez (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Sherman-Heckler Wendy Sherman-Heckler Wendy Sherman-Heckler (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Windborne Janice Windborne Janice Windborne (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Vasiloff Jeff Vasiloff Jeff Vasiloff (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Hilt Genna Hilt Genna Hilt (1) 1

 

 Criminology, Higher Education, Psychology
Casella Vanessa Casella Vanessa Casella (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Carey Kate M. Carey Kate M. Carey (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Harcalvel Chrysm Harcalvel Chrysm Harcalvel (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Augustine Clair Augustine Clair Augustine (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Mcelroy Sarah Mcelroy Sarah Mcelroy (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Clark Emily Clark Emily Clark (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Holmes Madeleine Holmes Madeleine Holmes (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Psychology
Chawansky Megan Chawansky Dr. Megan Chawansky Dr. (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Sports Sciences, Sports Studies
Wise Michael Wise Michael Wise (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Davis Evelyn Davis Evelyn Davis (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Roberts Jen Roberts Jen Roberts (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Childers Courtney Childers Courtney Childers (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Braun Robert E. Braun Dr. Robert E. Braun Dr. (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences, Sports Studies
Thomas Mackenzie Thomas Mackenzie Thomas (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Stein Courtney Stein Courtney Stein (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Corroto Carla Corroto Carla Corroto (1) 1

 
Bhattacharjee Prasum Bhattacharjee Prasum Bhattacharjee (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences
Dorow Brittany Ivy Dorow Brittany Ivy Dorow (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Major Katy Major Katy Major (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Braun Robert E. Braun PhD. Robert E. Braun PhD. (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences
King Calvin King Calvin King (1) 1

 

 Higher Education, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Rettig Tiffany Rettig Tiffany Rettig (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Campbell Robin Campbell Robin Campbell (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Ismail Fahmiya Ismail Fahmiya Ismail (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Watzka Breanna Watzka Breanna Watzka (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Khubchandani Jagdish Khubchandani Jagdish Khubchandani (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences
Butz Sue Butz Sue Butz (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Schott Jacqyln Schott Jacqyln Schott (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
King Darla King Darla King (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Scheinbach Jennie Scheinbach Jennie Scheinbach (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Price James H. Price James H. Price (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences
Craver Brittany Craver Brittany Craver (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Wojciechowski Ethan Wojciechowski Ethan Wojciechowski (1) 1

 

 Community-Based Research, Service Learning, Social Welfare
Mazey Alyssa Mazey Alyssa Mazey (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Hayhurst Lyndsay M C Hayhurst Lyndsay M C Hayhurst (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Sports Sciences, Sports Studies
Famery Christine Famery Christine Famery (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Conlon Mackenzie Conlon Mackenzie Conlon (1) 1

 

 Environmental Studies, Family, Life Course, and Society, Food Studies, Higher Education, Sociology of Culture
Hirsi Farhiya Hirsi Farhiya Hirsi (1) 1

 

 Community-Based Research, Health Policy, Higher Education, Race and Ethnicity
Wetzel Laura Wetzel Laura Wetzel (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Smoot Barb Smoot Barb Smoot (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Irving Debby Irving Debby Irving (1) 1

 

 African American Studies, American Politics, Civic and Community Engagement, History of Religion, Political History, Politics and Social Change, United States History
Hickey Sarah L. Hickey Sarah L. Hickey (1) 1

 

 African American Studies, American Politics, Civic and Community Engagement, History of Religion, Political History, Politics and Social Change, United States History
Johnson Katie Johnson Katie Johnson (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Wharton Tammy Wharton Tammy Wharton (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Hatfield Megan Hatfield Megan Hatfield (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
McGuick Annie McGuick Annie McGuick (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Wu Jane Wu Jane Wu (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Smith Jackie Smith Jackie Smith (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Belford Lincoln K. Belford Lincoln K. Belford (1) 1

 

 Dance, Gender and Sexuality, Performance Studies, Personality and Social Contexts, Social Psychology
Hanzel Katelyn Hanzel Katelyn Hanzel (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Pyle Sarah Pyle Sarah Pyle (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Johnston Jenn Johnston Jenn Johnston (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Detrich Ellie Detrich Ellie Detrich (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Galligan Michelle Galligan Michelle Galligan (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Nagarajan Geetha Nagarajan Geetha Nagarajan (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Lum Meredith Lum Meredith Lum (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Collinsworth David Collinsworth David Collinsworth (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Sharp Kimberly Sharp Kimberly Sharp (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Brader Jenna Brader Jenna Brader (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Moody Ameila Moody Ameila Moody (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Lakanen Shannon Lakanen Shannon Lakanen (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Degenaro Tony Degenaro Tony Degenaro (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Oakley Samuel Oakley Samuel Oakley (1) 1

 

 Community-Based Research, Gender and Sexuality, Social Psychology, Sociology of Culture
Jackson Glenna Jackson Glenna Jackson (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Bair Laine Bair Laine Bair (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Kirkland Kristina Kirkland Kristina Kirkland (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Getreu Hanna Getreu Hanna Getreu (1) 1

 

 Higher Education, Social Psychology and Interaction, Theory, Knowledge and Science
Truth Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Fuller Chelsea Fuller Chelsea Fuller (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Geyer Kathleen Geyer Kathleen Geyer (1) 1

 

 Criminology, Psychology
Bradley Allison Bradley Allison Bradley (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Martinez Ramiro Martinez Ph.D. Ramiro Martinez Ph.D. (1) 1

 

 Criminology, Criminology and Criminal Justice, Politics and Social Change
McCollister Matt McCollister Matt McCollister (1) 1

 

 Community-Based Research, Service Learning, Social Welfare
Driscoll Leah Driscoll Leah Driscoll (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Payton Erica Payton Erica Payton (1) 1

 

 Medicine and Health Sciences, Race and Ethnicity, Sports Sciences
Davis Janet Davis Janet Davis (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Wells Tony R. Wells Tony R. Wells (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Gramling Amelia Gramling Amelia Gramling (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Barlow Don Barlow Don Barlow (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Leadership Studies
Brandon Josh Brandon Josh Brandon (1) 1

 

 Arts and Humanities, Creative Writing, Gender and Sexuality
Matisko Emily Matisko Emily Matisko (1) 1

 

 Gender and Sexuality, Social and Behavioral Sciences